Abstract: Virology and practice problems

\n\nDiseases of plants, animals and gays, viral constitution of which is currently installed in over umteen centuries detrimental to sparing and harm human health. Although many of these sicknesss oblige been described, wholly when their attempts to commit the cause and place the element were unsuccessful.\nAs a outlet of observations and D.Y.Yvanovskyy V.V.Polovtsev first suggested that the unsoundness of baccy, described in 1886 AD Mayer in Holland under the hit of the photomosaic, is not one, that two all in all various unhealthinesss of the similar plant, one of the them - Ryabukha, whose constituent is a fungus, and another(prenominal) of unknown origin. enquiry D.Y.Yvanovskyy tobacco plant mosaic complaint continues to Nikitinsky botanic garden (near Yalta) and botanical laboratory of the honorary society of Sciences and concludes that mozaychnoya disease of tobacco vyzyvayetsya bacteria that gap through the filters Shamberlana, which, however, argon unab le to work on imitative substrates . The causative agent of mosaic disease called Yvanovskym those filterable bacteria, the microorganisms, as explicate once the earthly concern of a surplus world of computer viruses was rattling difficult.\nStressing that the agent of tobacco mosaic disease could not be detected in the tissues of diseased plants with a microscope and not gracious on mushy nutrient media. D.Y.Yvanovskyy wrote that his conjecture of the living and the nonionized nature of the pathogen figyrovanno in a superfluous kind of conjecture of infectious diseases, whose members, in addition to tobacco mozaiky is FMD (using the comparable rule of filtering).\nD.Y.Yvanovskyy observe viruses - a new-sprung(prenominal) form of existence of life. His research, he laid the foundations of a number of scientific fields of virology: the get wind of the nature of the virus, viral infections tsytopatalohichnyh, filterable forms of microorganisms, chronic and latent vyru sonosytelstva. One of the great Soviet fitovyrusolohov V.L.Rzhkov wrote: merit D.Y.Yvanovskoho not only that it has opened a whole new kind of disease, but also because he giving methods of their study.\nIn 1935 U.Stenli from the juice of tobacco mosaic disease affected, isolated in crystalline vydhlyadi tobacco mosaic virus (tobacco mosaic virus). For this, in 1946 he was awarded the Nobel Prize.\nIn 1958 R.Franklyn and K.Holm, exploring the building tobacco mosaic virus determined that tobacco mosaic virus is a maw cylindrical form.\nIn 1960, Gordon and Smith baffle established that whatsoever plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus nucleic acid-free, and not by a carve up of nucleotides. In the same year the Soviet exercises significant L.A.Zylber hypothesise the basic view vyrusohenetychnoyi theory.\nIn 1962, American scientists A.Zyhel, M.Tseytlyn and O.Y.Zehal experimentally obtained immediate memory variant that had a protein shell, found that forged TMV particles are randomly adjustment, and nucleic acids stand that complete virus .\nIn 1968 R.Shepard discovered DNA virus.