Postmans critique essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Postmans critique - Essay Example Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze the strengths and weakness of his conviction. Postman explicates the manner in which computers are indispensable to high level researches in Physics and other natural sciences (Postman, 1992). He asserts that the main beneficiaries of computer technology are the winners, a group comprising of individuals who have already wielded the most power. This is ascribed to the element that the winners can easily tell losers to use novel technology in order to make their lives efficient. This shows that winners are already powerful and they use their position to increase power through technological advancements. For instance, large-scale organizations, such as financial institutions, large manufacturing companies, airlines, and even the state and federal government use novel technological knowledge to execute their duties; thus, making them excel over others (losers). Postman main argument is that technological disadvantages have exceeded the advantages. In explaining his assertion, he questions the use of computers that have negatively affected people’s lives by posing, â€Å"but to what extent has computer technology been an advantage to the masses of people?† (Postman, 1992). In asking this question, he tries to convince his readers that technology has not done any good to the masses. This is not true since computers have made work easier for businessmen, accountants, musicians, just to mention but a few. Associate professor of Communications, Mary Beadle, writes â€Å"Convenience, comfort and speed are valued; thus, old sources of beliefs such as church, school, family have diminished† (Beadle, 1995). This implies that the new technology have come up with novel ways of doing things that render the old ways obsolete. Postman makes a strong case for the fact that the primary disadvantage of â€Å"the losers† in the age of computers are those individuals and small businesses that

Gwendolyn Brooks and Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay Example for Free

Gwendolyn Brooks and Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay Gwendolyn Brooks and Edwin Arlington Robinson are two out of many fine poets that have written inspiration poetry that has had an impact on our country. Gwendolyn Brooks achieved success at an early age. Brooks is best known for her lyrical style of urban poetry, such as the poem â€Å"We Real Cool†. Brooks was the first African-American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize for her poetry with the poem, â€Å"Annie Allen†. Edwin Arlington Robinson was the first person ever to receive the Pulitzer Prize in 1922. Robinson’s poetry did not capture the attention of the public until he was almost 50 years old. President Theodore Roosevelt discovered some of his poetry. He was so impressed that he offers him a clerk position at the New York Customs House. â€Å"We Real Cool† by Gwendolyn Brooks and â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson demonstration how both authors compare/contrast in their poems as it relate to tragic ending in death, the usage of first person plural, and learning message to the reader. â€Å"We Real Cool† demonstrates how it relates to tragic ending in death, the usage of first person plural, and learning message to the reader. The poem relates to tragic ending in death. These teenagers explain how they engage in activities such as playing pool, drinking, and sinning. Though they believe they have everybody else fooled, they know themselves that the behavior will eventually lead to death. The poem is written in first person plural. It allows the pool players to speak for themselves and not allow the reader to draw their own assumptions. Also â€Å"We Real Cool† sends a learning message to the reader. The message that Brooks sends out is that what seems cool in someone else’s eye, isn’t cool in another, and it can lead to a destructive life. â€Å"Richard Cory† demonstrates how it related to tragic ending in death, the usage of first person plural, and learning message to the reader. The poems relate to tragic ending in death. Richard Cory is very successful in the view of the peers but in his own self judgment, he is inadequate to fulfill his purpose in life. So therefore, he commits suicide. Secondly, first person plural was not used in the poem. The town people are speaking about how they view Richard Cory. They do not know his personal struggles and only see the human side that he shows. They admire him and are quite envious of him. Thirdly, in the poem of â€Å"Richard Cory†, is sending a message that you cannot judge a book by its cover. Just because someone appears happy and wealthy does not mean that they are truly happy with their lifestyles. What one may perceive may be an allusion to the eye. Furthermore, a person must get to know a person to understand the views and thoughts. In conclusion, â€Å"We Real Cool† by Gwendolyn Brooks and â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson demonstration how both authors compare/contrast in their poems as it relate to tragic ending in death, the usage of first person plural, and learning message to the reader. We observed that â€Å"Richard Cory† is straight forward, direct and has plenty of descriptions unlike the poem â€Å"We Real Cool†, that requires the reader to use their imagination. However, both poems rhyme. Both poems talks about the importance’s of education of how the advantages of staying in school can get you far or how it can hinder your life. Even though both authors were born in different time era, they both share the same struggles and disadvantages.

Health Problems and Your Food Essay -- Nutrition

Human bodies are naturally created to break down simple foods. As a growing population we have had to create technology that keeps up with the demand for food. In generating this technology we have created food that our bodies are not fully capable of breaking down without having some sort of negative health effect. The food industry uses thousands of chemicals and additives to preserve our food and our bodies are fighting back. Nitrates and nitrites are used in preserving meats and can cause numerous health problems that most of us are not aware of. Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder where oxygen carrying molecules (hemoglobin) builds up and does not get the appropriate oxygen throughout your body. Methemoglobinemia can cause comas, convulsions, and cyanosis (a blue or purple discoloring of the skin due to lack of oxygen) According to the Agencey for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry not only are you at risk for Methemoglobinemia, but you are eating your way to potential cancer. â€Å"Elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cancers of the esophagus, nasopharynx, bladder, and prostate have been reported† ("Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?") Nitrates are also known to cause headaches, neasuea, vomiting, and asthma. So sit down and enjoy your nice juicy steak if you dare.Sucralose and Acesu lfame Potassium (Acesulfame K) are both put in a lot of sugar free foods to supplement the lack of sugar. Sucralose is used to counteract the after taste of Acesylfame K. Sucralose is most commonly Splenda and has reports of many side effects to the human body. Some side effects include shrunken thymus gland, enlarged liver and kidneys. ... ...oduced today. To avoid getting health problems associated with food we need to educate ourselves on what is in our food. Works Cited "Bromine (Br) - Chemical Properties, Health and Environmental Effects." Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. 2009. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?" Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. USA.GOV, 24 Sept. 2007. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Debating the Safety of Milk from rBGH-Treated Cows (sidebar)." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 12 Feb. 1999. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. . Health Problems and Your Food Essay -- Nutrition Human bodies are naturally created to break down simple foods. As a growing population we have had to create technology that keeps up with the demand for food. In generating this technology we have created food that our bodies are not fully capable of breaking down without having some sort of negative health effect. The food industry uses thousands of chemicals and additives to preserve our food and our bodies are fighting back. Nitrates and nitrites are used in preserving meats and can cause numerous health problems that most of us are not aware of. Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder where oxygen carrying molecules (hemoglobin) builds up and does not get the appropriate oxygen throughout your body. Methemoglobinemia can cause comas, convulsions, and cyanosis (a blue or purple discoloring of the skin due to lack of oxygen) According to the Agencey for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry not only are you at risk for Methemoglobinemia, but you are eating your way to potential cancer. â€Å"Elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cancers of the esophagus, nasopharynx, bladder, and prostate have been reported† ("Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?") Nitrates are also known to cause headaches, neasuea, vomiting, and asthma. So sit down and enjoy your nice juicy steak if you dare.Sucralose and Acesu lfame Potassium (Acesulfame K) are both put in a lot of sugar free foods to supplement the lack of sugar. Sucralose is used to counteract the after taste of Acesylfame K. Sucralose is most commonly Splenda and has reports of many side effects to the human body. Some side effects include shrunken thymus gland, enlarged liver and kidneys. ... ...oduced today. To avoid getting health problems associated with food we need to educate ourselves on what is in our food. Works Cited "Bromine (Br) - Chemical Properties, Health and Environmental Effects." Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. 2009. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?" Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. USA.GOV, 24 Sept. 2007. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Debating the Safety of Milk from rBGH-Treated Cows (sidebar)." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 12 Feb. 1999. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. .

Mr S Ndzimba at Uj Essay

â€Å"Redemption Song† Analysis â€Å"Redemption Song,† a magnificently composed song by Bob Marley relates to oppression and deliverance of African slaves, who were brought from Africa to Jamaica. The general theme of this song is the beauty of the redemption of people after oppression. Support of this theme is found in Bob Marley’s connotation and tone. Connotation, the diction of words, is the most significant aspect of this song that supports the theme. Bob Marley’s terminology is responsible for creating a truly entrancing song. Bob initiates the song on a delicate level by describing the obliteration of the African people by slavery; â€Å"Oh pirates yes they rob I; / Sold I to the merchant ships, / Minutes after they took I / From the bottomless pit. (Marley 1-4). These very lines portray the appalling technique used to take Africans from their homeland to toil for others. The next line, â€Å"But my hand was made strong / By the hand of the Almighty. / We forward in this generation/ Triumphantly,† (Marley 5-8) illustrates the authority given to the slaves by God. Through His hand, the present generation has been capable of moving onward and prospering. The most eminent lines of the song, â€Å"Emancipate yourself from mental slavery / None but ourselves can free our minds† sustains thought that it is not the responsibility of the oppressors to free the oppressed; this assignment can only be completed by the oppressed themselves. Through the complete song, Bob Marley maintains an optimistic tone. He appears to believe that through all the pain and agony of slaves his generation will be able to formulate a difference. Evidence of this is found in the lines â€Å"We forward in the generation / Triumphantly† (Marley 3-4). This strictly means that descendents of Africans have been given an opportunity to right and improve the prospects their ancestors never had. Overall, â€Å"Redemption Song† is a incredibly stunning song that relates to not only African slaves but all others that have been oppressed. Bob Marley’s main purpose of this song is that, in the end, it is up to the oppressed to determine their freedom and destiny.

Matt Moreau’s Dilemma Essay

Introduction Chuck Mackness, the president of Bantings department stores recently appointed Matt Moreau as head of customer services due to customer complaints at the other department stores. To help Matt in the staffing of his newly created department, Steven Judson, corporate personnel manager, refers Sally Armitage, an ideal candidate who holds many years of management experience at other department stores. After calling Tony Abbott, regional manager, who worked with Sally and gave her performance appraisal, Matt finds out that Sally recovered from cancer a few years ago and is unsure whether Sally would be capable for the high demanding position. This paper will analyze the ethical issues and alternatives for this case. Identify the Stakeholders Matt Moreau is the newly appointed manager to improve the quality of customer service. His task is difficult and demanding because the stores are managed through an operations department who reports to the president. This means Matt will have little authority to implement new programs unless he hires people with line management experience that have developed credibility with the operations department. Chuck Mackness is the president of Bantings and appointed Matt as head of customer service as a result of customers complaining at other department stores. He expects Matt to implement new programs for the staff and stores and wants to see results by Christmas. On his last field visit, he met Sally and she indicated that she would benefit from head office experience. Chuck mentions this to Steven Judson who passes onto Matt. Tony Abbot is the regional manager that encompasses Chute Hill store where Sally is working. Tony worked with Sally when she was the assistant manager at Eastland Mall store and together they turned the store around from being the worst performer. Afterwards, he gave a performance appraisal of Sally giving her much of the credit. Tony is affected by the decision because if Matt promotes Sally, he will have to work with a different manager at Chute Hill store. Sally Armitage is a highly competent manager at Bantings who started out as a clerk and worked her way into management. She always had good or excellent performance appraisals and has management experience at various department stores. Although she is in good health, her medical history shows that she had cancer a few years ago and she still goes every three months for regular checkups. Her current position at Chute Hill store is only 10 minutes away from her home whom she lives with her teenage daughter. Despite the high performance, her medical history will be factored into Matt’s decision. Other stakeholders include Sally’s teenage daughter and the other departments in Bantings. Sally is divorced and if she does get hired, she will have less time for her daughter because she would have to commute on the road longer. The other departments in Bantings will be affected because with Sally’s ambition and her creditability to the president, the customer service department will be able to implement organization-wide programs. Stakeholders’ Frame of Reference Matt is interested in adding Sally to his staff because of her experience and her relationship with Chuck but also understands the risk of hiring an employee with her medical history. The risk is if Sally’s health deteriorates halfway through, there won’t be someone else to fill her position. It is also important to consider the cost of training and how detrimental it would be to the department especially when it is a very demanding position. Chuck Mackness, the president of the company is indirectly involved. He mentions Sally to Steven because he must have noticed her ambition to climb the corporate ladder and that he may have seen some personal traits in her. That way, Matt would of consider Sally as an candidate and the possibility of hiring her may lead to Chuck working with Sally someday. Tony Abbott does not want Sally to leave her job because he understands the health issues after working with her at the Eastland Mall store. Although Tony gave her a performance appraisal, he understands the absences Sally took were serious. During the conversation with Matt, Tony believes Sally should not be hired because of her current state of health. He believes Sally is able to cope with her current position because she lives only 10 minutes away and that she has got a good staff when she’s not feeling 100 percent so she can coast a little bit. Sally is looking for a position in head office because she is ambitious. She does not consider the factors that would affect her if she does get hired. Her commute to work would increase to one hour each way unless she moves closer to downtown. The job would take a toll on her health and she would not have much time for her daughter with the late nights, meetings and traveling. Even if her illness comes back, she believes she can cope with the demanding job by working even harder to prove to herself that she can do anything. Sally’s daughter would not want her mother to be hired because that would lead to less time spent together and if they do move to downtown, Sally’s daughter would be one hour away from school or she would have to change schools. The other departments in Banting would not want any change in operations because they would have to learn new procedures and software. Ethical Issues Matt is obligated to make decisions in the interest of the company. If Sally is hired and her illness comes back, this decision would lose money for the company and Matt’s position to improve customer service would be hampered. Also the fact that Chuck wants to see results by Christmas would put even more pressure on the department if Sally becomes ill. Because Matt knows about her medical history, he should make the best decision in her interest. By hiring Sally to the demanding position could potentially endanger her health. If her illness comes back, it would be detrimental to her and Matt. It is also important to consider her daughter and the toll it would take on their family. Alternative #1 – Hire Sally The first alternative is to hire Sally. This option has the highest risk and highest reward. The risk is by promoting Sally, her health could deteriorate and she would not be able to perform at a high level. At that point the company would have invested into her training and would not be able to train another employee in the time. The company would be at a loss and the original objective of improving customer service would not be executed properly. The upside of this is that Sally is able to cope with the stress and excels at her position. Her proven management experience and her drive to perform at a high level would ensure the improvement of customer service. Alternative #2 – Hire somebody else The second alternative is to hire somebody else with a clean medical history. This is the safest alternative because the company would not risk the possibility of the employee not able to perform the job. This option would not lose the company money as the employee would not have any sudden medical problem. There would most likely be other employees who are interested in the head office environment and are as qualified as Sally. Alternative #3 – Rent an apartment suite in downtown for Sally The third alternative is to rent an apartment suite close to downtown so the burden of the long commute for Sally is gone. The company would incur additional expenses but as long as Sally’s benefit to the company is greater than the expense, the company would go with this decision. However the risk that the job is too stressful for Sally is still present. The late nights, meetings and tensions could prove too stressful for her. Choice of Alternative The second alternative is the best option for Matt. He is able to control the fact that whoever he hires will be not have any major health issues that would ensue later on. Although Sally is the ideal candidate for the position, there are other candidates with years of management experience and have developed credibility with the operations types. In the other two alternatives, where Sally does become ill due to the demanding job, she could file a lawsuit for employee negligence. This would not happen and this alternative is also in the best interest of Sally because her current position is optimal for her health and her family.

What Ever The Writer Pick Example

What Ever The Writer Pick Example What Ever The Writer Pick – Essay Example UNs Progress in Enhancing Maternal Health â€Å"In September 2000, the United Nations launched its list of eight development goals to achieve by 2015 (UNESC 1). The fifth MDG outlined by the UN was to improve maternal health. A detailed assessment of the UN’s progress in promoting maternal health is imperative and informs future development policies in the health sector. It is essential to examine UN’s set targets for its fifth development goal.The UN set distinct targets for every goal; it focused to achieve two vital targets of the fifth goal by 2015. First, it aimed at enhancing measures that would lower maternal mortality rate by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015 (UN 28). The second target of the UN on its fifth goal aimed at promoting universal access and increase women population receiving reproductive health services. It further set indicators for achieving the two targets. Indictors of the goal include maternal mortality ratio and the census of births atten ded to by qualified care professionals. An analysis of relevant reports on the progress is important. The UN and other institutions publish regular reports on its progress in attaining set targets to promote maternal health. According to the World Bank, there is a steady progress in maternal death reduction based on reports by UN agencies (The World Bank 1). In 2013, for instance, there were 289 000 maternal deaths. The statistics represent a 45 percent reduction in maternal deaths from 523 000 deaths recorded in 1990. Based on the UN report on the MDGs, Eastern and Southern Asia as well as Northern Africa regions realized a decline in maternal mortality by nearly two thirds by 2013. Eastern Asia region had a reduction rate of 69 percent; being the highest in maternal mortality reduction (UN 29). Similar reports show trends in women’s access to antenatal services.UN reports show that half of pregnant women in developing countries could access the four antenatal services that meet the recommendations by health professionals, by 2013. Report by the UN show a record decrease in maternal mortality by 47 percent during the period from 1990 to 2010. In every 100, 000 live births, there were 210 maternal deaths in 2010. This was a reduction from 400 cases of maternal deaths reported in 1990 (UN 28). Improving maternal health is a vital agenda for all countries. The UN recognizes the necessity to improve maternal health and its vitality as an aspect of development. The fifth development goal set by the UN in September 2000 is attainable. Accelerated interventions by all stakeholders are necessary to realize the UN’s three quarter ratio target†. The World Bank. United Nations Agencies Report Steady Progress in Saving Mothers’ Lives. May 6, 2014. Web. June 25, 2014. Accessed from: worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/05/06/united-nations-agencies-report-steady-progress-saving-mothers-livesUnited Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC). Millennium Development Goals and post-2015 Development Agenda. United Nations Economic and Social Council. 2014. Web. June 25, 2014. Accessed from: un.org/en/ecosoc/about/mdg.shtmlUnited Nations (UN), Department of Economic and Social affairs. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2013. New York, NY: United Nations, 2013. Web. June 25, 2014. Accessed from: undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/mdg/the-millennium-development-goals-report-2013/

Should whether you live depend upon where you live essay

Should whether you live depend upon where you live essay Should whether you live depend upon where you live? essay Should whether you live depend upon where you live? essayThe different legislation at the state level reveals the difference in the development of provision of citizens with basic services and their protection from possible risks and threats. In such a situation, the debate concerning the policy conducted by the government at the state and federal level focuses on the main issue, whether citizens should stand on the equal ground nationwide or count on the state legislation and regulations.The problem is the result of the disparity between the federal and state legislation and policy. In this regard, the principle of federalism implies the autonomy of states and sovereignty of people. In such a way, citizens can count on the development of policies at the local level oriented on meeting interests and needs of the local population. At this point, the argument of proponents of federalism, who insist on the unification of norms and standards that regulate the standards of health care ser vices and social work, is inconsistent.However, the difference in federal and state policies does not mean the inferior position of some citizens compared to others. Federal policies should set minimal standards, while state policies should count on available resources and enhancement of policies to improve the quality of life of the local population. The development of effective policies depends on the potential of each state.Thus, the development of federal and state policies may vary but federal norms and standards set the minimal level of the provision of basic services that should be available to people nationwide.

Zero Plural Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Zero Plural Definition and Examples in English Grammar In grammar, the zero plural is a  plural form of a count noun that is identical to the singular form. Also called zero [or null] morpheme. In English,  zero plural marking refers to the absence of the plural markers -s and -es. Several animal names (sheep, deer, cod) and certain nationalities (Japanese, Sioux, Taiwanese) take the zero plural in English. Examples and Observations Here are some examples from famous works: This week the debate is on an idea to let everyone fish a few cod just for food. (Mark Kurlansky, Cod: A Biography Of The Fish That Changed The World. Walker Publishing, 1997)We herd sheep, we drive cattle, we lead people. Lead me, follow me, or get out of my way. -General George S. PattonIn English, plurals of nouns are normally indicated by the ending –s or –es, or in a few cases by –en, as in children and oxen. Some vernacular varieties of English do not use plural endings in measurement phrases such as three mile and ten pound. This zero plural has a long history and was not formerly as socially stigmatized as it is today... In adjectival constructions even Standard English has no –s plural: a five-pound box of candy is acceptable, whereas a five-pounds box is not. These adjective phrases derive from an –a suffix in Old English that marked plural adjectives. This ending has long since fallen away, leaving behind the unmarked root forms. The abse nce of –s in the plural form of animal names (hunting for bear, a herd of buffalo) probably arose by analogy with animals like deer and sheep whose plurals have been unmarked since the earliest beginnings of the English language. (plural, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 2000 Im horrified of lobsters. And shrimp and lobsters are the cockroaches of the ocean. -Brooke BurkeBluefin tuna contain higher levels of mercury than other species of tuna because they live longer and, like humans, accumulate more mercury in their body tissues. (The New York Times, January 24, 2008) Zero Plurals With Numerals, Quantifiers, and Nouns of Measure [Zero plurals] include the names of some animals, particularly cod, deer, sheep; nouns denoting quantity when they are premodified by a numeral or other quantifier and particularly when they are attached to a noun head: two hundred (people), three dozen (plants), several thousand (dollars). The measure nouns foot (length unit), pound (unit of weight or of British currency), and stone (British weight unit) optionally take zero plurals: six foot two, twenty pound, fifteen stone. (Sidney Greenbaum, Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996)His hat, I reckon, weighed ten poundTo say the least, and Ill say, shore,His overcoat weighed fifty more. (James Whitcomb Riley, Squire Hawkinss Story)I have known when he would have walked ten mile afoot to see a good armour. (Much Ado About Nothing, Act Two, scene 3 )The foggers and cooling fans were going full blast in Jims twin five-hundred-foot-long chicken houses. (Baxter Black, Chicken House Attack. Horseshoes, Cowsocks Duckfeet. C rown Publishers, 2002)

Select two of the movies that we have studied and compare and contrast Essay

Select two of the movies that we have studied and compare and contrast how they represent national identity and the national pas - Essay Example The success of the movies in bringing out matters of identity and national past are immense enough to be contrasted and compared in a meaningful and sustainable debate, as shall be seen forthwith. It is important to note that in Good Bye, Lenin! nationalism is still regarded as being propounded by the exploits of a state. This can be seen in the instance where Alex Kerner remembers as a child, how he as the first German and in the company of his compatriots, proudly entered space. The fact that this forms part of the movie’s prologue and is presented as a form of flashback, is significant. The significance of the scene is important since it portrays this national occasion as important to the state which is Germany. This caption seems to insinuate that national exploits make citizens more proud (of their country) and inspire the ‘we-feeling’ among citizens. The case immediately above converges ways with Bergman’s The Seventh Seal. This is because, the theme of loyalty to one’s state is extolled, though nationalism is not thoroughly mentioned in Bergman’s work. The extolling of nationalism in The Seventh Seal is seen in Knight Antonius Block obediently carry out the Crusades. The Crusades were sanctioned by the state under the tutelage of the monarch. Because of his loyalty to his state, Block engages in the Crusades, even if such engagements may portend risking life. The difference between the two movies is underpinned by the disparity of time in which they are set. While Good Bye, Lenin! has a setting that dates back to the Cold War (probably 1950s to 1990), The Seventh Seal has a setting that can date between 1095 and 1291 AD. In both cases, the concept of patriotism to one’s country was still regarded as paramount (Vermilye, 2006, 29). In the movie Good Bye, Lenin! the family is portrayed as having an immense influence on the personality and identity of an individual. For instance, after Alex’s father fle es to West Berlin, Alex has no recourse to living with his mother Christiane, his sister Ariane and Paula, Alex’s niece who is also Ariane’s daughter. In the absence of Alex’s father, his mother Christiane becomes an ardent follower of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and a radical idealist (Fisher and Prager, 2010, 17). It is most probable that the author of Good Bye, Lenin! writes the movie with a mind of conservative. This is seen in the manner in which he devotes his time to discuss the effect of national policies on the family. By highlighting the plight of Christiane, Alex and Ariane after the head of the family flees to West Berlin, the audience is made aware of the import of unfriendly policies and absentee fatherhood. It helps that the author uses Alex as a mouthpiece and the protagonist so that in him, the audience is made aware of the far reaching damages that accost an unstable family. Again, the author unites the family in the end, and thereby i mplying the triumph over the family, over state-sanctioned inhuman policies. It therefore suffices to say that the author tends towards familism rather than individualism, for he had the prerogatives to draw out a plotline that centres on an individual (in lieu of a family), yet he does not. It is also clear that in the period between 1945 (when Cold War started) and 1990 (when Cold War ended) had stronger family values, compared to the moment. Therefore, it is logical that Good Bye, Lenin! contains strong family values. As opposed to the case above where the author as an

SOCIAL WORK MODELS METHODS AND THEORIES INCLUDING SOCIAL WORK Essay

SOCIAL WORK MODELS METHODS AND THEORIES INCLUDING SOCIAL WORK PROCESSES AND THE NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS - Essay Example The field works towards research and practice to improve the quality of life and to the development of the potential of each individual, group and community of a society. Social workers perform interventions through research, policy, community organizing, direct practice and teaching. The Social Work Processes In this given case study, the past life events of the couple, Dorothy and George eventually push them to such a helplessness. The humiliating response of racial unfairness from the close environment, loss and grief of loved daughter, ending hope of having another child, the failure to meet real challenges of life because of the couple ignorance and weaknesses, the tension of financial limitation and another sudden loss of their strength,Sadie; things become difficult and danger stands active – the couple are not able to cope with the things. The condition of the couple demands care and support from other member of the society, a social service intervention through social work activities is in need indeed. Considering the couple’s overall condition, in order to extend a standard and an organised response to the couple, the following process (Social Work, UNESCO) is to apply Assessment: Establishing what are the problems or issues (with the service user and others); Assessment involves assembling full and accurate information about a service user’s circumstances and how these came about. Essential to assessment is participation by the service user and others involved (e.g. family), and continuous consultation with colleagues and workers in other agencies and services when appropriate.The information collected must be accurately recorded in a systematic way to give a clear understanding of needs and a possible plan of action. Deciding on outcomes:Working out with the service user and others what can be achieved within a given time-span; Social work is a goal-directed activity and what matters to service users is a satisfactory outcome. E vidence-based practice draws on research findings, practice wisdom and past experience to identify what works in a given situation. Service user and worker join together to share their experience and expertise and decide what needs to be changed and what are the priorities within a given time scale. Planning: Deciding with the service user and others what needs to be done, in what order, by whom, by when and how; Planning involves reaching a decision on the course of action which seems most likely to achieve the agreed outcomes. The plan should be recorded, specifying the approaches to social work to be used, the persons responsible for carrying out the work and the anticipated time scale. Note that a plan may involve a decision to do nothing. Intervention: Putting agreed plans into action; Carrying out what has been formulated in the planning process and agreed with the service user and other key people involved, using specific approaches to social work. Intervention usually involv es some minor changes to plans as the situation continues to change and additional Information becomes available. Evaluation: Estimating with the service user and others how far and how well outcomes have been achieved; The process is carried out continuously as the action unfolds and in retrospect after it has been completed. It needs to look at outcomes for a range of people involved, which will differ. Outcomes could be examined in terms of the quality of life

Theories of Abnormal Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories of Abnormal Behavior - Essay Example In simple words, abnormal behavior in the one which leads to the inhumane treatment of others. Abnormal psychology uncovers the causes of abnormal behavior as well as provides the treatment options. From the ancient times, people noticed that some individuals act in the way which is different from the common or accepted in their community setting. At the age of strong spiritual values, the abnormal behavior was considered to be the result of the demonic possession. During the Enlightenment, the shift was made to the scientific view of abnormal behavior as the mental illness. The asylums and hospitals for mentally ill citizens were built in London and Paris (Kring, Davidson, Neale, & Johnson, 2006). However, the mental disorders were not treated and it took many years to develop the assumption that mental illness might have biological and physical causes. In 1800s, the famous psychiatrist Richard von Krafft Ebing proposed that there is the link between syphilis and general paresis (dementia). It was the first significant step towards proving the hypothesis that mental disorders can be the result of physical diseases. ... It was assumed that the mental disorder might also be learnt (maladaptive behavior). Later, the so-called diathesis-stress model was developed with the aim to analyze abnormal behavior as the result of the biological predisposition to illness and environmental triggers (Kring, Davidson, Neale, & Johnson, 2006). Finally, the humanistic and cultural perspectives were taken into consideration. Such factors as homosexuality, teenagers' behavior and current philosophies have shaped the new definition of the abnormal behavior. American community values individualism and personality. For this reason, classification of abnormal behavior has become more vague than it was a hundred years ago. Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Biological Perspective Biological perspective on abnormal behavior is the medical view. It is based on the assumption that genetics and physical problems cause abnormal behavior and it requires treatment with medication. In particular, antidepressants and even lobotomy are still used to help individuals suffering from abnormal behavior (Oltmanns & Emery, 2006). Biological perspective is based on the writings of Richard von Krafft Ebing. Psychodynamic Perspective Psychodynamic perspective applies Freud's psychoanalysis to understanding abnormal behavior. It is focused on emotions and thought which lead to the abnormal behavior. The goal of this perspective is to investigate the role of unconscious motivators in development as well as treatment of the abnormal behavior. Behavioral Perspective Behavioral Perspective is the traditional theory of abnormal behavior. It was introduced and further studies by Pavlov and Skinner who assumed that abnormal behavior might be the response to

Photojournalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Photojournalism - Essay Example Narrative: The image adds to the clarity of events when combined with other stories and news elements and gives an insight to the person who is reading through or glancing at the pictures. Important war zones of the US such as Vietnam was an example of how photojournalists could influence public opinion. There are certain marked characteristics that distinguish photojournalists from other photographers. One of the most important distinguishing factors is their capability to make instant decisions. They are always on the move and carry all their heavy equipment with them all the while. They are alert and think with the tip of their fingers as to which frame in time has to be preserved for posterity and for the world to see. They face the same risk and dangers as any serious journalist such as when at the war front or in the middle of a rioting crowd. They also lack the option to wait and watch for the worst to pass since they have to throw themselves in to the middle of the action if they are to make any good pictures. In fact, they take more risks and face far more dangerous situations that a conventional journalist. As a descriptive term, photojournalism refers to the genre of photography that bears the distinct characteristics of that produced by photojournalists. A large number of commercial and fashion photographers today prefer to adapt this style into their works. Photojournalistic style has been widely accepted as the standard format in fashion photography as well as in event coverage such as marriages and child ceremonies. Commercial photography is keenly taking on the garbs of photojournalistic style to bring in more room for innovation as well as to increase public appeal for their works. The term photojournalism was coined by none other than the famed professor of communication studies, Cliff Edom (1907-1991), who taught at the University of Missouri School of Journalism for 29 years. He is credited with the first establishment of a professional programme for photojournalism in 1946. The practice of printing press and the growth of print journalism and the print media brought to focus the importance of the media and role of photography in media. Since written language could be manipulated to any extent whereas a photograph could not, it added to the weightage of the newly introduced genre of photography. Early news photographs required the pictures to be reconstructed by an engraver before it could be published. The battlefield pictures captured by the famous reporters such as William Simpson of the Illustrated London News and Roger Fenton had to be published as engravings. The public craved for more realistic representations of the pictures that go along with the news stories. Most newspaper companies were looking for trained photographers to be put to cover the wars and thereby report from the front, giving a new dimension to public imagination. There

Research Proposal on Employee Motivation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposal on Employee Motivation - Research Paper Example As a result of which, the level of commitment and motivation of the employees are reducing day by day that may hinder their level of performance and efficiency as well. Apart from this, the level of interpersonal relationship among the employees of organization of DDLLC is also quite poor and this also act as one of the major causes for the reduction of employee motivation. However, if such a situation continuous then, the organizational productivity and position in the market might get reduced due to lack of employee commitment and motivation as compared to other existing rival players. Thus, in order to improve the competitiveness and loyalty of the organization of DDLLC, it might try to maintain a participative culture and friendly environment so as to amplify the motivation of the employees (McClelland, 2008). Swart & et. al. (2012) describes that human resource is the prime requirement of an organization in this age. This is because; it’s the human resource that helps an organization to amplify its prosperity and brand image in the market among others. Moreover, it’s the human resource or the employees that helps in developing varied types of inventive products and services as per the changing demands so as to enhance the demand and reliability of the customers to a significant extent. However, in order to achieve such a popular position and image in the market, the management needs to offer more concentration over the desires and motives of the employees (Swart & et. al. 2012). Apart from this, the management of the organization might also try to maintain a participative environment in which, each and every employee might get full freedom to present their desires and wishes. This might prove effective for the employee to enhance their inner morale and self esteem. However, due to improvement of the self-esteem, the inner morale and motivation of the employees might get enhanced resulting in amplification of their

Photojournalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Photojournalism - Essay Example Narrative: The image adds to the clarity of events when combined with other stories and news elements and gives an insight to the person who is reading through or glancing at the pictures. Important war zones of the US such as Vietnam was an example of how photojournalists could influence public opinion. There are certain marked characteristics that distinguish photojournalists from other photographers. One of the most important distinguishing factors is their capability to make instant decisions. They are always on the move and carry all their heavy equipment with them all the while. They are alert and think with the tip of their fingers as to which frame in time has to be preserved for posterity and for the world to see. They face the same risk and dangers as any serious journalist such as when at the war front or in the middle of a rioting crowd. They also lack the option to wait and watch for the worst to pass since they have to throw themselves in to the middle of the action if they are to make any good pictures. In fact, they take more risks and face far more dangerous situations that a conventional journalist. As a descriptive term, photojournalism refers to the genre of photography that bears the distinct characteristics of that produced by photojournalists. A large number of commercial and fashion photographers today prefer to adapt this style into their works. Photojournalistic style has been widely accepted as the standard format in fashion photography as well as in event coverage such as marriages and child ceremonies. Commercial photography is keenly taking on the garbs of photojournalistic style to bring in more room for innovation as well as to increase public appeal for their works. The term photojournalism was coined by none other than the famed professor of communication studies, Cliff Edom (1907-1991), who taught at the University of Missouri School of Journalism for 29 years. He is credited with the first establishment of a professional programme for photojournalism in 1946. The practice of printing press and the growth of print journalism and the print media brought to focus the importance of the media and role of photography in media. Since written language could be manipulated to any extent whereas a photograph could not, it added to the weightage of the newly introduced genre of photography. Early news photographs required the pictures to be reconstructed by an engraver before it could be published. The battlefield pictures captured by the famous reporters such as William Simpson of the Illustrated London News and Roger Fenton had to be published as engravings. The public craved for more realistic representations of the pictures that go along with the news stories. Most newspaper companies were looking for trained photographers to be put to cover the wars and thereby report from the front, giving a new dimension to public imagination. There

Differences Between Capitalism and Socialism Assignment

Differences Between Capitalism and Socialism - Assignment Example Remarkable progress was achieved in the fields of infrastructure development and industrialization and the capitalist maximized their profits, but the state of affairs of the labor class of the society remained the same. As the standard of living of the elite class and the capitalists increased with the increased productivity, the disparity and discrepancy between different social classes went on to increase and the lower classes started to protest about their miserable status of living. This led to the development of another socioeconomic ideology which was later called socialism. Socialist thinkers such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels declared that state is responsible for safeguarding the basic rights of each and every individual of the society and the ultimate objective of the states should be to provide better services all the classes of the society, irrespective of their financial status (Balcerowicz, 1995). Capitalism Capitalism is a system of economics in which the producti on and the distribution is the ownership of individuals or corporations and the development is proportional to the accumulation and the reinvestment of the profits generated in a free market economy. In simple words the person or the group of persons who have invested its capital, and thus put their money on risk, are entitled to enjoy absolute authority over production and distribution and also the profits generated through the investment of capital. The industrial revolution compelled a considerable number of people living in rural areas to move to the cities in order to enjoy the advantages of industrial revolution. This led to the concept of buying the services of people in return of wages and thus a working class was created in the society, but in contrast to the aspirations of the common people, the working class could not improve their working conditions because they were considered as a means of maximizing profit by the capitalists and were exploited bitterly (Davis & Scase, 1987). The pioneers of capitalism advocate increase in productivity as the greatest advantage of this economic system which results in the economic growth of the society and thus the living standard of each and every individual is improved because resources are utilized to their fullest. Moreover the competition in a free market economy improves the quality of the product which is being produced. However, in the early days with the absence of labor laws and human rights protection agencies capitalism resulted in the exploitation of the labor class by the elite and the promises of better living conditions and improved quality could not be realized. The desire of the capitalists to maximize profits makes the economy money-oriented which promotes a materialistic approach of running the economy. This approach made capitalism very unpopular among the lower classes of the society in the 19th and 20th centuries and thus the new systems of economics like socialism and communism were adopte d as new social ideologies. During the later part of the 20th century, labor laws were formulated and made strong and human rights charters were adopted which greatly improved the state of affairs of the working class in capitalism. The development of these laws and some other laws related to trade and free market economy has helped capitalism to emerge as the strongest and the most-practiced system of economy and a new

Professional Development of the Nursing Professionals Essay Example for Free

Professional Development of the Nursing Professionals Essay In 2010 the Affordable Care ACT was signed into law. With these laws, the United States is being provided an opportunity to completely redesign its health care system. The model includes heath care that is easier to access, affordable by all, higher safety standards, and higher quality with improved patient outcomes (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). The United States’ health care workforce is largely comprised of nursing professionals. Their role can be pivotal with the reorganization, but are faced with a number of barriers. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the IOM responded to the need for the assessment and transformation of the nursing profession by producing a report which provides recommendations for the future of nursing. Within this report, four key messages were created, the first three being our focus today: * Nurses should use their education and training to its fullest extent * Nurses should expand their education levels and training via seamless, progressive educational models * Nurses should play a leadership role with other health care professionals to reorganize health care * Improved medical health records data and containment systems for more efficient planning and policy creation (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). Obtaining an RN degree should be only the beginning of the lifelong learning process for nursing professionals. Obtaining a higher degree level (BSN or above) should be a smooth process which is encouraged and rewarded. The report recommends licensing, certifying and accrediting bureaus create mandatory competencies and evidence of skills mastery as a complement to the degree program and board exams (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine,  2010). This will ensure effective critical thinking processes and increase patient safety. Creating a more diverse nursing population will open otherwise previous barriers to this vastly expanding field, while allowing the patient population to widen their views of what nursing really entales. After all, the nursing population should be as diverse as the patient population. Finally, educating nursing students alongside other health professionals, including physicians, throughout their nursing careers will encourage them to become future lead ers working collaboratively together. (Cresaia Friberg, 2010) The Affordable Care Act of 2010 will challenge health professionals to create a more patient centered system. Opening new opportunities for expanding the nursing role and scope will help to bridge the gap in care for chronic conditions, preventative medicine, palliative care, and coordination and transition of care (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). By delivering care to the community and focusing on wellness, prevention and education, healthcare will again be reinvented and adapt to the growing needs of the communities. Creating new careers and scopes of practice for advanced degree nurses will enable patients to have easier access to health care, and more affordable care. Advanced degree nurses are known to provide longer consultations, and provide more education-based, preventative medicine, and increase recall (Laurant, Reeves, Hermens, Braspenning, Grol, 2009). With the nursing profession continuing to change, more nursing leadership roles are evolving. Though the community is not accustomed to visualizing a nurse in leadership capacity, all nurses must become leaders in order to transform the current working model into the patient centered model. More leadership skills and positions will be necessary to design, implement, evaluate and advocate for the future of health care needs. Working alongside physicians and other health professionals require these leadership skills to achieve a targeted outcome. This also transcends to the care environment by ensuring evidence-based improvements are implemented. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 will provide an opportunity for the health  care system in the United States to be completely redesigned. With nursing being the largest health care profession, nurses can assist with obtaining the objectives in the IOM report which suggests recommendations for the future of nursing (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). Allowing nurse to use their education and competencies to their fullest, more higher degree level nurses will emerge. By expanding their education and training, more leaders in nursing will be created and new opportunities will arise. Community oriented, wellness and disease prevention will be crucial to the growing community needs. By placing Nurse Practitioners in these areas of expertise, cost will be lowered and patient satisfaction, as well as outcome will rise. Furthermore, working as a partnership with physicians and other health care professionals will create a more collaborative working environment and provide b etter patient outcomes as well. References Cresaia, J., Friberg, E. (2010). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Laurant, M., Reeves, D., Hermens, R., Braspenning, J., Grol, R. (2009). Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care. The Cochrane Library. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub2/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+4+Feb+from+10-12+GMT+for+monthly+maintenance Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine. (2010, October 5, 2010). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (Institute of Medicine). : Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing.

Barbies Negative Impact on Society

Barbies Negative Impact on Society Cindy Jackson currently holds first place in the Guinness Book of World Records for undergoing the most consecutive cosmetic surgeries. While growing up, Cindy considered herself plain and unattractive next to her beautiful sister, so she decided that she had to do something. At age six Cindy was obsessed with looking like Barbie. Cindy stated, I looked at a Barbie doll and said, this is what I want to look like, I want to be her, (Leung 1). At age twenty-one Cindy packed up and moved to London, England, where she wanted to start a new, prettier life. It took over thirty-one surgeries, fourteen years, and five hundred thousand dollars to become the human Barbie. Now she has her own website, book, and multi-million dollar friends, at the expense of her body. Cindy Jackson is an example of how far people are willing to go to look perfect in this society. Beauty is distorted by the media and by the toy industry. In todays society skinnier is better, and people are willing to go through anything to achieve this. Children should not be exposed to these ideas. Instead, children should just be kids. Putting the Barbie doll into the hands of children teaches them that they need to look like her: perfect. Although, Barbie is not the only sole cause of low self satisfaction but is a contributing factor. Barbie has been proven to give children who play with her lower self-esteem and induce increased desires to look skinnier. Barbie has negative influences on body image and causes lower body satisfaction levels among young girls, by giving children false pretenses and pressures about being skinny and perfect. Barbie is the most successful toy of the twentieth century and the alleged icon of female beauty (Kuther 39). Most girls from the ages three to ten have at least had one doll growing up. Although, shes popular now she is actually based off of another popular doll from Germany. The dolls name was Bild Lilli she was an original cartoon character of an explicit comic strip designed for adult men. On August 12, 1955 Lilli was first sold in Germany, usually found in smoke shops and a few toy stores, (Bild 1). Barbie was based off of the Lilli doll by Ruth Handler; she journeyed to Europe on vacation and bought a few Lilli dolls. When she returned back to New York Handler re-designed the doll to make Barbie, which was named after her granddaughter Barbara. Now Barbie is the most sold doll in the world, Barbie is a 1.5 million dollar per-year industry (Dittmar 283). Barbie gives children a sense of low self-esteem. Three developmental psychologists exposed one hundred twenty-six English children from ages five to eight to a study of how Barbie influences body image. They were exposed to either Barbie dolls, Emme dolls (a more normal proportioned doll), or no dolls and then completed assignments based on what they saw. Helga Dittmar concludes, Girls exposed to Barbie reported lower body esteem and greater desire for a thinner body shape than girls in the other exposure conditions (284). Dittmar continues, even if dolls cease to function as aspiring role models for older girls, early exposure to dolls epitomizing an unrealistically thin body ideal may damage girls body image, which would contribute to an increased risk of disordered eating and weight cycling (290). This study proves the fact that Barbie has some kind of hold over kids. Since girls play with these dolls they are the most influenced by her since they are so young. If we show our chi ldren these images and tell them to play with them, they will show some sort of idolizing to the dolls. Handlers granddaughter Stacey has written a book about her complications with living in the shadows of the Barbie doll. She has had many challenges maintaining her weight to blend into the family. Stacey Handler has experienced the life after Barbie as it has been in her life personally. Her book The Body Burden, Living In the Shadow of Barbie reveals her personal story of a lifetime battle with body image. She openly discloses her own feelings about the Barbie doll, her grandmothers seemingly innocent perfect creation. She shares her moments of low self-esteem, including fears, insecurities, and distorted body image that have been bestowed on her (213). She discusses societys unrealistic body images and how hard it is for girls to adjust and love themselves for who they are (215). For the first few chapters she expresses her feelings through poems and rhyming songs (1). Handler writes, They never see behind the curtains that hide all my imperfections I was removed from the shelves where the perfect me remained without a single tear I worked all day and night to get rid of my excess cellulite until I looked perfect in the eyes of society (12-13). Stacey felt overwhelmed by what her grandmother had invented. She was constantly dieting and practicing unhealthy habits of losing the excess weight. Secondly, includes the controversial information of the Barbie. This includes the real life Barbie and her measurements. Barbie was designed to look flawless because why would a child play with a doll with blemishes or cracked dry skin. These dolls are made to look perfect and almost robotic (one looking exactly like the other). Even though Barbie has recently turned fifty years old she still looks like she is twenty. She stays so young only because children would not play with a grandmother looking doll, it would be out of their likely hood to play with her. The children would not look up to her. Her body figure is very controversial because it demonstrates a tiny waist, long legs, ample bosom, and flowing blond locks (Winterman 1). Some argue her body shape would be unobtainable and unsustainable if scaled up to life-size. Denise Winterman states, They claim she would not be able to stand up because her body frame would be so unbalanced. A real life Barbie would simply fall over .A study at Southern Australia University suggest the likelihood of a woman having Barbies body shape is one in one hundred thousand so not impossible, but extremely rare ( Winterman 1). Winterman claims, Researchers at Finlands University Central Hospital in Helsinki say if Barbie were life size she would lack the seventeen to twenty-two percent body fat required for a woman to menstruate. So again, not an unachievable figure, but certainly not a healthy one . If Barbie were a real person, she would stand five foot two inches and weigh approximately one hundred ten pounds. Her waist would measure a remarkable 20 inches, her chest thirty-eight inches, and her hips thirty-four inches (Kuther 322). Third toys give children an influence especially at younger ages. Barbie is indeed advertised to children who are young, mainly three to ten year olds. Children who play with toys at aged three to eight are said to be influenced more from the toys they play with than the ten year olds advertised too also (Duffy 1). Judith Duffy suggests that girls as young as five worry about their weight after playing with unrealistically slim figures such as the Barbie . Duffys article is a summarization of facts based on girls ideal of beauty within the past five years. For example, a recent study performed on one hundred thirty fifteen-year-old Scottish girls has revealed that around fifty two percent considered themselves to be too fat, and twenty-nine percent were actively trying to lose weight . This is outrageous considering that fifteen year olds are just beginning their high school career. These teenagers should be more concentrated on their studies than on their need to be perfect and size two. Some writers, feminists and psychologists think Barbie is a positive role model and a healthy image for young girls to have. For example, Deb Mehecke writer of the article Rethinking Barbie, explains that Barbie gives children a chance to use their imaginations and the opportunity to mother something . She also claims, Barbie allows young women to dream about all of the possibilities, Barbie can be a doctor, an astronaut, a banker, a lawyer, a nurse, a gymnast etc . Children do like to mother their toys and pretend they are real, but do we have to give our children such an inappropriate doll. We could give our children a water baby or a cabbage patch doll, why do we insist they take care of such a glamorous doll? Developmental psychologist Julia Griffin stated her idea of Barbie in her article Academics Like to Play with Barbie too. Griffin explains Barbie is essential to a girls development in a social interaction along with social values . Instead of Barbie being the essential part of a childs life, parents should help their children develop social interaction and social value skills. Many people think Barbie has nothing to do with eating disorders and the negative body image in young girls. Mattel, the company that produces the doll denies any and all negative accusations with Barbie and the negative affects it rings to the children who play with her. Solutions are a must with this issue such solutions are: alternate dolls for children and young teenagers, parent responsibility and positive reinforcement of body image, and companies need to make dolls more realistic. Some alternate dolls for young girls would be the Groovy Girl dolls, and the Cabbage Patch Kid dolls, and for the older age groups the American Girl Doll and Emme. The Groovy Girl dolls are sold at Target stores nationwide, and sell for about sixteen to nineteen dollars. These dolls can be considered expensive but they resemble children, in appropriate clothing and offer great values to children. The editor for the savvymom website and co-founder of the Groovy Girls is Victoria Pericon who appears on the official website she states, With three children of my own, I am constantly trying to filter the messages y kids are getting from television, their peers, the Internet, magazines, and movies. My daughter, especially, is surrounded by confusing messages that make it difficult for her to develop a strong sense and a healthy body image. The Groovy Girl dolls helped my daughter find her inner beauty in a respectful way, (Groovygirls.com). This website has a parents option which has ways to help your daughter learn to make good decisions along with characteristics parents should enforce. The Cabbage Patch Kid dolls are harder to find but they are so ld at Wal-Mart and Target stores along with other with other toy stores nationwide. They sell for about ten to fifteen dollars depending on the doll and accessories included. These dolls are positive for little children because they are realistic in their appearance according to the childs age group, and they can care for them properly. The American Girl dolls are by far the most educational and most expensive. These dolls are designed to teach children about a defined time period. For example, The Great Depression and the 70s dolls Kit and Julie. Although, these dolls are highly expensive and are more classy and high end of the doll market they include a lot of valuable information and insight into the girls influence. The final alternate doll would be the Emme doll. This doll is sold online and in select stores and is priced between twenty and thirty-five dollars. The optional extra outfits can cost anywhere from fifty to ninety dollars. These dolls are the most proportionate to an average healthy woman which makes this doll the best dolls for growing and changing children to teenagers. In conclusion, Barbie indeed became a staple of todays society based on her popularity but she is becoming a factor of low self-esteem in young girls. If we act now we can stop the increase in this matter before it gets even worse. References Anonymous. Bild Lilli History. 10, Apr. 2001.10, Nov 2009 . Dittmar, Helga, Emma Halliwell, and Susanne Ive. Does Barbie Make Girls Want to be thin? American Psychological Associationl.42.2 (2006):283-292. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Oct 2009. Duffy, Judith. Barbies Figure gives Young Girls a Desire to have a Thinner Body. BNet.com.CBS. 12 Jun.2005.CBS, Web. 23 Sept. 2009. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20050612/ai_n14680012/ Esteban, Michelle. Full-Figured Doll Transforms Beauty ImageABCNews.com. 25 Oct. 2002.Web. 2, Sept.2009.http://abcnews.go.com/US/Story?id=91099page=1 Groovygirls.com. 2008. 10, Nov. 2009 http://www.groovygirls.com/parents/raising.cfm. Handler, Stacey. The Body Burden, Living In the Shadow of Barbie. Cape Canaveral: Blue Note Publications, 2000. Print Kuther, Kara L. and Erin McDonald. Early Adolescents Experiences with and views of Barbie. Adolescence. 39.153. (Spring 2004): 39-51 Findarticles.com. Academic Search Premier.EBSCO. Web. 25 Sept. 2009. Leung, Rebecca. Becoming Barbie: Living Dolls. CBSNews.com. 6 Aug. 2004.Web. 24 Sept. 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/07/29/48hours/main632909.shtml Winterman, Denise. What would a real life Barbie look like? BBCNews.com 06, March, 2009: 1-2. Web. 1 Oct 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7920962.stm

Essay on the Moon in the Works of William Shakespeare :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Motif of the Moon in the Works of Shakespeare  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the paper, "The Hounds of Love: A Midsummer Nights' Dream, it is suggested that Shakespeare borrowed heavily from Chaucer's "Knight's Tale" to the extent that Shakespeare dramatized the image drawn in Chaucer of Diana, the moon goddess, with the hounds of love about her feet--Lysander and Demetrius behaving like the hounds of love in A Midsummer Night's Dream. While Shakespeare "creates unity of atmosphere [in Midsummer Night's Dream] chiefly by flooding the play with moonlight" (Schanzer 29), he also--by frequency of allusions to similar cyclical motifs (Moon, Diana, Wheel of Fortune)--creates an overall atmosphere, or structure, to many of his other plays. Northrup Frye's thesis--that the comedies have a cyclical pattern of the characters who depart from the city to the forest then return to the city recovered from the madness that occurred in the forest (see class handout)--can be applied to many of the other plays. But one must look beyond the locality of the characters (as Fr ye does) to note the frequent allusions to Diana, the Roman personification of the moon, and the similar allusion to the Wheel of Fortune. What does the Wheel of Fortune have to do with Diana? Shakespeare considered both of them to be much the same. Both have a cyclical nature: the moon waxes and wanes just like Fortune waxes and wanes. The motif of both figures in Shakespeare's plays reveals his belief that the moon is a symbol of the fickleness and changeability of fortune and luck, at once an omen and a blessing, and the result of the changeability of the moon/Wheel is the character's madness, leading to the audience's laughter (as in A Midsummer Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing) or catharsis (as in King Lear, Macbeth, or Hamlet). Diana figures mostly in the comedies, the most blatant example in A Midsummer Night's Dream. Shakespeare begins with Theseus vocalizing his desire that the moon should change, a symbol for his impatience for the wedding:   Four happy days bring in Another moon; but O, methinks, how slow This old moon wanes! (1.1.2-4) The old moon is own aging self that shall be renewed by his marriage just as the moon passes through its cycle to eventually become a new full moon. It is under the auspices of the changing moon that overlooks the forest that the madness of all of the characters ensue.

Analysis of Cloud Computing Architectures

Laptops, PDA, and Smoothness's). Computational power and battery life s one of the major issues of these mobile devices. To overcome these problems clones of mobile devices are created on cloud servers. In this paper, we define clone cloud architecture and brutalized screen architecture in cloud computing. Clone Cloud is for the seamless use of ambient computation to augment mobile device applications, making them fast and energy efficient and in a Brutalized Screen; screen rendering is done in the cloud and delivered as images to the client for interactive display.This enables thin-client mobile devices to enjoy many computationally intensive and graphically rich services. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Service Models, Clone Cloud, Brutalized Screen l. Introduction Cloud Computing has been one of the most booming technology among the professional of Information Technology and also the Business due to its Elasticity in the space occupation and also the better support for the software and the Infrastructure it attracts more technology specialist towards it.Cloud plays the vital role in the Smart Economy, and the possible regulatory changes required in implementing better Applications by using the potential of Cloud The main advantage of the cloud is that it gives the low cost implementation for infrastructure and some higher business units like Google, MM, and Microsoft offer the cloud for Free of cost for the Education system, so it can be used in right way which will provide high quality education [3]. A.Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud computing can be classified by the model of service it offers into one of three different groups. These will be described using the AAAS taxonomy, first used by Scott Maxwell in 2006, where â€Å"X† is Software, Platform, or Infrastructure, and the final â€Å"S† is for Service. It is important to note, as shown in Figure, that AAAS is built on Pass, and the latter on alas. Hence, this is not an excluding approach to classification, but rather it concerns the level of the service provided.Each of these service models is described in the following subsection. [pick] Fig. 1 Cloud computing Architecture 1) alas (Infrastructure as a Service): The capability provided to the customer of alas is raw storage space, computing, or network resources with which the customer can run and execute an operating system, applications, or any software that they choose. The most basic cloud service is alas [7]. In this service, cloud providers offer computers as physical or as virtual machines and other resources. Pass (Platform as a Service): In the case of Pass, the cloud provider not only provides the hardware, but they also provide a toolkit and a number of supported programming languages to build higher level services. The users of Pass are typically software developers who host their applications on the platform and provide these applications to the end-users. In this service, cloud providers deliver a com puting platform including operating system, programming languages execution environment, database and web servers. ) AAAS (Software as a Service): The AAAS customer is an end-user of complete applications running on a cloud infrastructure and offered on a platform on-demand. The applications are typically accessible through a thin client interface, such as a web browser. In this service, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. This service is based on the concept of renting software from a service provider rather than buying it.It is currently the most popular type of cloud computing because of its high flexibility, great services, enhanced capability and less maintenance. B. Deployment Models Clouds can also be classified based upon the underlying infrastructure deployment del as Public, Private, Community, or Hybrid clouds. The different infrastructure deployment models are distinguishing by thei r architecture, the location of the data center where the cloud is realized, and the needs of the cloud provider's customers [4]. Several technologies are related to cloud computing, and the cloud has emerged as a convergence of several computing trends. ) Types of Cloud Computing Environments: The cloud computing environment can consist of multiple types of clouds based on their deployment and usage [6]. Public Clouds This environment can be used by the general public. This includes individuals, corporations and other types of organizations. Typically, public clouds are administrated by third parties or vendors over the Internet, and services are offered on pay-per-use basis. These are also called provider clouds. Private Clouds A pure private cloud is built for the exclusive use of one customer, who owns and fully controls this cloud.Additionally, there are variations of this in terms of ownership, operation, etc. The fact that the cloud is used by a specific customer is the disti nguishing feature of any private cloud. This cloud computing environment sides within the boundaries of an organization and is used exclusively for the organization's benefits. These are also called internal clouds. Community Clouds When several customers have similar requirements, they can share an infrastructure and might share the configuration and management of the cloud.Hybrid Clouds Finally, any composition of clouds, be they private or public, could form a hybrid cloud and be managed a single entity, provided that there is sufficient commonality between the standards used by the constituent clouds. II. AUGMENTED EXECUTION OF SMART PHONES USING CLONE CLOUDS B Chunk,[10] introduce the concept of clone cloud. The idea of introducing this concept is to improving the performance of hardware limited smart phones by using their proposed clone cloud architecture.The core method is using virtual machine migration technology to offload execution blocks of applications from mobile devic es to Clone Cloud. Clone Cloud boosts unmodified mobile applications by off-loading the right portion of their execution onto device clones operating in a computational cloud. Conceptually, our system automatically transforms a single-machine execution (e. G. , computation on a smart phone) into a distributed execution optimized for the outwork connection to the cloud, the processing capabilities of the device and cloud, and the application's computing patterns.The underlying motivation for Clone Cloud lies in the following intuition: as long as execution on the clone cloud is significantly faster than execution on the mobile device (or more reliable, more secure, etc. ), paying the cost for sending the relevant data and code from the device to the cloud and back may be worth it [9]. Ill. CLONE CLOUD ARCHITECTURE The design goal for Clone Cloud is to allow such fine-grained flexibility on what to run where. Another design goal is to take the programmer out of the business of applica tion partitioning [10].In a Clone Cloud system, the ‘Clone' is a mirror image of a Semaphore running on a virtual machine. By contrast with smart phones, such a ‘clone' has more hardware, software, network, energy resources in a virtual machine which provides more suitable environment to process complicated tasks. In the diagram, a task in smart phone is divided into 5 different execution blocks (we mark them as different colors), and the smart phone is cloned (brutalized) as an image in distributed computing environment. Then the image passes some computing or energy-intensive blocks (the Green blocks) to cloud for processing.Once those execution blocks have been completed, the output will be passed from Clone Cloud to the Semaphore [11]. [pick] Fig. 2 Clone Cloud Architecture A major advantage of the Clone Cloud is enhanced smart phones performance. Bung takes a test by implementing a face tracking application in a smart phone with and without Clone Cloud. The result s hows that only 1 second is spent in Clone Cloud environment but almost 100 seconds in the smart phone without Clone Cloud. Another advantage of Clone Cloud is reduced battery consumption as smart phones o not use its CPU as frequently.The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are handover delay, bandwidth limitation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between smart phones and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signal's blind zone. A. Evaluation of Applications To evaluate the Clone Cloud Prototype, Bung-Goon Chunk [10] implemented three applications. We ran those applications either on a phone?a status quo, monolithic execution?or by optimally partitioning for two settings: one with Wi-If connectivity and one with 36.We implemented a virus scanner, image search, and privacy- preserving targeted advertising. The virus scanner scans the contents of the phone file system against a li brary of 1000 virus signatures, one file at a time. We vary the size of the file system between KBPS and 10 MBA. The image search application finds all faces in images stored on the phone, using a face-detection library that returns the mid-point between the eyes, the distance in between, and the pose of detected faces.We only use images smaller than KBPS, due to memory limitations of the Android face-detection library. We vary the number of images from 1 to 100. The privacy-preserving targeted- advertising application uses behavioral tracking across websites to infer the user's preferences, and selects ads according to a resulting model; by doing this tracking at the user's device, privacy can be protected. 1) Time Save Fig. 3 Mean execution times of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard deviation error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone al one, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud tit 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for â€Å"monolithic† and O for â€Å"off-loaded,† also indicating the relative improvement from the phone alone execution 2) Energy Save Fig. 4 Mean phone energy consumption of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard deviation error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone alone, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for â€Å"monolithic† and O for â€Å"off-loaded,† also indicating relative improvement over phone only execution. Fig. 3 and 4 shows execution times and phone energy consumption for the three applications, respectively. All measurements are the average of five runs. Each graph shows Phone, Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G).C- Wi-If and C-G results are annotated with the relative improvement and the partitioning choice, whether the optimal partition was to run monolithically on the phone (M) or to off-load to the cloud (O). In the experiments, Wi-If had latency of moms and bandwidth of 6. Mbps, and 36 had latency of mass, and bandwidth of 0. Mbps. Clone Cloud chooses to keep local the smallest workloads from each application, deciding to off-load 6 out of 9 experiments with Wi-If. With 36, out of all 9 experiments, Clone Cloud chose to off-load 5 experiments.For off-loaded cases, each application chooses to offload the function that performs core computation from its worker thread: scanning files for virus signature matching for VS., performing image processing for IS, and computing similarities for BP. C Wi-If exhibits significant speed-ups and energy savings: xx, xx, and lox speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications, with a completely automatic modification of the application binary without programmer input.A clear trend is that larger workloads benefit from off-loading more: this is due to amortization of the migration cost over a larger computation at the clone that receives a significant speedup. A secondary trend is that energy consumption mostly follows execution time: unless the phone switches to a deep sleep state while the application is off-loaded at the clone, its energy expenditure is proportional to how long it is waiting for a response. When the user runs a single application at a time, deeper sleep of the phone may further increase observed energy savings.We note that one exception is C-G, where although execution time decreases, energy consumption increases slightly for behavior profiling with depth 4. We believe this is due to our coarse energy cost model, and only occurs for close decisions. C-G also exhibits xx, xx, and xx speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications. Lower gains can be explained given the overhead differences between Wi-If and 36 networks. As a result, whereas gyration costs about 15-25 seconds with Wi-If, it shoots up to 40-50 seconds with 36, due to the greater latency and lower bandwidth.In both cases, migration costs include a network-unspecific thread-merge cost? patching up references in the running address space from the migrated thread?and the network-specific transmission of the thread state. The former dominates the latter for Wife, but is dominated by the latter for 36. Our current implementation uses the DEFLATE compression algorithm to reduce the amount of data to send; we expect off-loading benefits to improve with other optimizations targeting the network overheads (in reticular, 36 network overheads) such as redundant transmission elimination.B. Problem in Clone Cloud The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are [1 1] handover delay, bandwidth limit ation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between Semaphore and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signal's blind zone. Offloading all applications from Semaphore to the cloud cannot be Justified for power consumption, especially for some lightweight applications which are suitable to be deployed in local smart phones. V.BRUTALIZED SCREEN Screen rendering [1 3] can also be moved to the cloud and the rendered screen can be delivered as part of the cloud services. In general, the screen represents the whole or part of the display images. In a broad sense, it also represents a collection of data involved in user interfaces such as display images, audio data, mouse, keyboard, pen and touch inputs, and other multiplicity inputs and outputs. Screen fertilization and screen rendering in the cloud doesn't always mean putting the entire screen-rendering task in the cloud.Depending on the actual situations?such s local processing power, bandwidth and delay of the network, data dependency and data traffic, and display resolution?screen rendering can be partially done in the cloud and partially done at the clients. A. Screen Fertilization Fig. 5 The Conceptual diagram of the cloud client computing architecture. Rendering a screen in the cloud also introduces obstacles for the client devices to access the virtual screen, if it needs to maintain high-fidelity display images and responsive user interactions.Fortunately, we have already developed a number of advanced multimedia and networking technologies to address these issues. Ultimately, we would like to define a common cloud API for cloud computing with scalable screen fertilization, with which the developers never have to care where the data storage, program execution, and screen rendering actually occur because the cloud services for the API will adaptively and optimally distribute the storage, execution, an d rending among the cloud and the clients. B.Remote Computing With Brutalized Screen The cloud-computing conceptual architecture depicted in Fig 5, we have developed a thin-client, remote-computing system that leverages interactive screen-removing cosmologies. Thin-client, remote-computing systems are expected to provide high- fidelity displays and responsive interactions to end users as if they were using local machines. However, the complicated graphical interfaces and multimedia applications usually present technical challenges to thin-client developers for achieving efficient transmissions with relatively low bandwidth links.Figure depicts the proposed thin-client, remote-computing Fig. 6 The interactive screen removing system System, which decouples the application logic (remote) and the user interface local) for clients to use remote servers deployed as virtual machines in the cloud. The servers and the clients communicate with each other over a network through an interactive screen-removing mechanism. The clients send user inputs to the remote servers, and the servers return screen updates to the clients as a response.

Healthcare Reform and Its Impact on the Delivery System

If you are in the healthcare industry, you have probably heard some rumblings about the Health Care Reform of 2010, coolly referred to as Affordable Care Act, or Obama care. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Barack Obama. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) became public law in March 23, 2010. The health care reform was enacted with the goals of â€Å"increasing the quality and affordability of health insurance, lowering the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reducing the costs of healthcare for individuals and the  government† (Frost and Sullivan, 2011). The law is passed by US congress provide universal access to healthcare, control the rising costs of healthcare, regulate the private insurance industry through online marketplace and improve the quality of healthcare. The purpose is to â€Å"make healthcare choices more consumers friendly and easier to unde rstand. It is intended to make sweeping changes to healthcare in the United States† (White, 2013). The law also â€Å"requires insurance companies to cover all applicants within new minimum standards and offer the same rates regardless of pre-existing conditions or sex.Additional reforms aimed to reduce costs and improve healthcare outcomes by shifting the system towards quality over quantity through increased competition, regulation, and incentives to streamline the delivery of healthcare† (Monheit, 2010 ). The Congressional Budget Office projected that â€Å"the ACA will lower both future deficits and Medicare spending† however upheld â€Å"the law in promoting strategies and solutions to encourage health care reform that lowers cost, improves quality, and expands access to health care† (CBO, 2013).According to U. S Chambers of Commerce, â€Å"the United States spends $2.  7 trillion a year on health care. More than 170 million Americans receive healt h insurance through voluntary, employer-sponsored plans. The government was on the hook for $38. 6 trillion in unfunded liabilities for Medicare in 2011 as a result of the entitlements created by the health care reform law† (U. S. Chambers of Commerce, 2013). For the purposes of this research, it may be a good idea to have a common understanding of the recent legislation and Health Care Reform Act.I plan to highlight its impact on the delivery system at Montefiore Medical Center, thoroughly discussing its effect on access, cost and  quality, with special focus on how the recent legislation and health care reform will affect the health care facility. Montefiore Medical Center is a health care facility which is covered by the Health care reform. Health care reform compliance at Montefiore Medical Center is a central concern of their delivery system. The health care reform is a law that needs continuous regulation. Montefiore Medical Center and other health care facilities such as private clinics, home healthcare providers and small healthcare associated businesses, are in a prime position  to comply with the healthcare reform, and the law must ensure that these healthcare institutes are rigorously controlled, and are in compliance of the affordable care act.The Healthcare reform and all its provisions are already making the facility â€Å"find new ways to increase facility efficiency, better manage care and streamline costs† (Montefiore. org, 2012). One item the facility is focused on is renovating to cut down on operating expenses because of the impact of the healthcare reform. In a study by Amadeo Kimberly (2013) about access to healthcare on the delivery system  found that â€Å"more than 600,000 new young people became insured as of May, taking advantage of the Act's provision that children up to age 26 could be covered by their parents' insurance.†Rather than â€Å"employer-sponsored insurance offering the sole source for guarante ed issue insurance, coverage for preexisting conditions, and generally affordable coverage,†(Geyam, 2012) many employees may have alternative sources of coverage through expansion of Medicaid eligibility or premium subsidies through the state or federal exchanges. A report by economic experts at the Health and Human Services Department (HHS) noted that â€Å"the health  care remake will achieve the aim of expanding health insurance – adding 34 million Americans to the coverage rolls† (HHS, 2013).This shows that on the potential positive side of the health care reform, there would be a continuous increase in access to healthcare. This increases â€Å"profits for the insurance companies, which should translate to lower premiums, since the new insures pay into the system but require fewer health services† (Kimberly, 2013). Geyam (2012) observed that â€Å"the healthcare reform will extend insurance coverage by 32 million people by 2019 (including 16 millio n on Medicaid);Will provide subsidies starting in  2014 to help many lower-income people afford coverage; will eliminate cost-sharing for many preventive services; will provide new funding to increase the capacity of community health centers; will put in place some limited reforms of the insurance industry, such as prohibiting exclusions based on pre-existing conditions and banning annual and lifetime limits; and will establish a new non-profit Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute charged with assessing the relative outcomes, effectiveness and appropriateness of different treatments. †As a result, millions of previously uninsured people will soon have access to healthcare, causing an increase in the number of potential patients requesting treatment from healthcare facilities such as Montefiore Medical Center. Healthcare costs are expected to â€Å"rise 7. 5 percent in 2013, even with healthcare reform,† according to a study by Price water house Coopers (2012). The Affordable Care Act focuses â€Å"more on getting people insured than on lowering costs overall,† says Jeff Munn, vice president of benefit policy development at Fidelity (2013), â€Å"But it's going to take a while to see if those provisions work,† he says..Another analysis by Barina (2013), also found that â€Å"the law falls short of the goal of controlling runaway costs, rising projected spending by about 1 percent over 10 years. That increase could get bigger, however, since the report also warned that Medicare cuts in the law may be unrealistic and unsustainable, forcing lawmakers to roll them back† (p. 18). The rapidly rising costs of health care keep going up unabated. Under the health care reform, the market still rules on prices. The cost of health care will increase by about â€Å"20 percent because of new technology and new initiatives† (Wright, 2010).In addition, analysis by both the Congressional Budget Office and the CMS actuary shows that â€Å"the health care reform will substantially reduce the federal deficit, only slightly increase national medical spending (despite an enormous expansion in insurance coverage), begin to reduce the growth rate of medical spending, and introduce various new initiatives that may lead to more fundamental reductions in the long-term rate of health care cost growth† (CBO & CMS, 2010). The health care reform will not solve our health care cost problems, but it is a historic and cost effective step in the right direction.It will introduce a range of payment and delivery system changes designed to achieve a significant slowing of health care cost growth. Throughout the health care reform debate, consumers and providers alike at Montefiore Medical Center and other healthcare facilities asked how they would be affected by the new law. Given how many types of facilities make up the delivery system, it is likely that the effects of reform will not fix all problems. Any â€Å"hosp itals that have historically provided more care to uninsured patients is likely to gain the most in terms of revenue increases for the mostly  uncompensated care they have been providing to these patients† (Berenson and Zuckerman, 2010).The Healthcare providers in the hospital and other healthcare facilities understand that their former ways of doing business are bound to change because of the healthcare reform. As observed by Berenson & Zukerman (2010) â€Å"the introduction of new, marginal incentives is designed to move in the direction of rewarding better performance. † In this way, there is a modest move in the direction of paying for value rather than volume.As indicated by Cutler David (2013), â€Å"the law begins to change how providers are paid and care is delivered, so that  they are rewarded not for the volume of services they provide but for the value they offer. † Of greatest effect is the expectation that future provider revenues will have less to do with patient volumes and more to do with clinical outcomes, quality and cost efficiency. Most hospitals will likely benefit financially because of the coverage expansions. â€Å"Providers that get good results for their patients and keep costs in check stand to be rewarded with performance bonuses, shared savings and other revenue enhancements† (Monheit, 2010).Those providers  that fail to do these things can expect financial penalties which will affect revenues and ultimately tarnish a provider's credit profile. â€Å"Accountable care may still be gestational in most areas of the nation, but the concept appears to be taking hold and will eventually replace large portions of our existing fee-for-service system† (Berenson & Zukerman, 2010). Moreover, the health care reform will also call for more care to be provided outside of the hospitals with specific provisions focusing on increasing the quality of preventative care. This will likely result in a major rise i n demand for ambulatory, or outpatient care.At the same time, Montefiore Medical Center and other hospital care facilities will shift a greater focus on critical care patient. In conclusion, the health care reform, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare, may make some marginal gains in the area of access, cost and quality, but will not remedy all access, cost and quality problems in the health care delivery system. Experts also believe the added demand of the health care reform will mean a major increase in job openings within the healthcare industry.Some  predict as many as â€Å"250,000 to 400,000 jobs annually over the next ten years – as well as an increase in scope and location of available jobs† (Katz, 2013). For example, hospitals like Montefiore Medical Center will be staffing more critical care nurses while registered nurses and other patient care positions may have more opportunities at outpatient sites, such as clinics or other non-critical medical facilities. The health care reform changes are right around the corner and subsequently there will likely be a lot of transformation happening in the healthcare delivery system over the next few years.